The Combined Use of Gold Nanoparticles and Infrared Radiation Enables Cytosolic Protein Delivery

Cytosolic protein delivery remains elusive. The inability of most proteins to cross the cellular membrane is a huge hurdle. Here we explore unique photothermal properties gold nanorods (AuNRs) trigger cytosolic proteins. Both partners, and AuNRs, are modified with protease-resistant cell-penetrating peptide nuclear targeting induce internalization. Once internalized, spatiotemporal control release achieved by near-infrared laser irradiation in safe second biological window. Importantly, catalytic amounts AuNRs sufficient delivery. To best our knowledge, this first time that their maximum absorption window used deliver into intracellular space. This strategy represents powerful tool for virtually any class protein.